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Keyboarders normally indent paragraphs three to five word spaces—based on what they were taught in school—while professionally printed material such as books and magazines generally use smaller indents.^{[citation needed]} The Elements of Typographic Style states that "at least one en [space]" should be used to indent paragraphs after the first,^[6] noting that that is the "practical minimum".^[7] An em space is the most commonly used paragraph indent.^[8] Miles Tinker, in his book Legibility of Print, concluded that indenting the first line of paragraphs increases readability by 7%, on the average.^[9]
Other techniques are possible. Lines can be outdented to signify the start of new paragraphs.^[10] Another technique is to insert vertical space between paragraphs. This creates what is sometimes known as "block paragraphs". Some keyboarders use a double carriage return to create this break, whereas typists using word processing applications may use increased leading to create a more pleasing space between paragraphs.
Many published books use a device to separate certain paragraphs further when there is a change of scene or time. This extra space, especially when co-occurring at a page or section break, may contain an asterisk, three asterisks, a special stylistic dingbat, or a special symbol known as an asterism.